Spain · Visas & Residency

Two ways in.
One fits you.

Since the golden visa ended in April 2025, Spain has two realistic routes for Americans and Canadians: the non-lucrative visa for people living on passive income, and the digital nomad visa for remote workers. Here they are with 2026 numbers — no salesmanship.

Last verified: 8 July 2026

The 2026 comparison

VisaWho it's forMoney requirement (2026)Leads to
Non-lucrative visa (NLV)
Full guide →
Retirees and anyone living on pensions, savings, rents, or dividends. No work of any kind — including remote work €2,400/month (€28,800/year) for the main applicant + €600/month per dependant — 400% + 100% of IPREM 1-yr permit → two 2-yr renewals → long-term residence at 5 yrs
Digital nomad visa
Full guide →
Remote employees of non-Spanish companies and freelancers with mostly foreign clients €2,849/month (200% of the 2026 minimum wage, annual basis) + €1,068.38/month first family member + €356.13 each additional 1-yr consular visa, or a 3-yr permit if you apply inside Spain; renewable; long-term residence at 5 yrs
Golden visa
What happened →
Investors — abolished 3 April 2025 (Organic Law 1/2025) No longer available. The €500k property route and all other investor categories are closed to new applicants Permits issued before 3 Apr 2025 remain valid and renew under the old rules
You apply from home, not from Spain. The NLV goes through the Spanish consulate covering your US state or Canadian province (Washington routes applications via the BLS visa centre; Toronto works by email appointment). The digital nomad permit is the exception — it can also be applied for inside Spain, including during a visa-free stay. One more difference that surprises people: Canadians pay far more than Americans — CAD 1,085 vs $140 for the NLV — because fees mirror what each country charges Spaniards.

After the visa: the residency timeline

Step 1 · Year 0

Visa + TIE card

Consular visa now valid 1 year, covering your first year of residence (RD 1155/2024). Apply for your TIE residence card within 1 month of entry.

Step 2 · Years 1–5

Renewals

Two renewals of 2 years each (1+2+2). NLV renewals now require 183+ days a year actually lived in Spain.

Step 3 · Year 5

Long-term residence

After 5 years' continuous legal residence. Absences allowed: max 6 months at a stretch, 10 months total over the 5 years.

★ Step 4 · Year 10

Citizenship

10 years' residence for Americans and Canadians — the famous 2-year track is for Ibero-American nationals only. A2 Spanish + civics test, and Spain requires renouncing your prior nationality.

The 183-day rule is the big 2025 change. To renew a non-lucrative permit you must have "really and effectively" resided in Spain more than 183 days in the calendar year (RD 1155/2024, in force 20 May 2025). Spending half the year back in the US or Canada now costs you the permit — and staying 183+ days makes you a Spanish tax resident. Read the NLV guide before you plan around part-year living.

Before the visa: scouting trips

US and Canadian citizens can visit Spain visa-free for up to 90 days in any 180-day window. Since 10 April 2026 the EU Entry/Exit System (EES) records your entries and exits biometrically — the count is automatic, so overstays are visible. ETIAS, a €20 pre-travel authorisation, is scheduled to start in the last quarter of 2026; travellers over 70 are exempt from the fee.

In this section

Guides

Sources

  1. Ministerio de Inclusión — non-lucrative residence (Hoja informativa 6): inclusion.gob.es · renewal incl. 183-day rule (Hoja 7): inclusion.gob.es
  2. Consulate General of Spain in Washington — NLV: exteriores.gob.es · telework visa: exteriores.gob.es
  3. Consulate General of Spain in Toronto — NLV and 2026 fee schedule: exteriores.gob.es
  4. SMI 2026 (€1,221/month) — Real Decreto 126/2026: boe.es · Startups Law (digital nomads) — Ley 28/2022: boe.es
  5. Golden visa abolition — Ley Orgánica 1/2025: boe.es
  6. Long-term residence (Hoja 49): inclusion.gob.es · nationality by residence: administracion.gob.es
  7. Schengen 90/180 — US State Department: travel.state.gov · EES fully operational (10 Apr 2026): home-affairs.ec.europa.eu · ETIAS: travel-europe.europa.eu
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