The key numbers · 2026 - 3 administrative languages (law of 1984): Luxembourgish, French, German
- 98% of residents speak French · 80% English · 78% German · 77% Luxembourgish (Ministry of Education study)
- 1 year — the deadline to exchange a US/Canadian driving licence after taking residence
- €30 — licence transcription fee via the SNCA
- €0 — public transport nationwide, since 29 February 2020
- 46.6% of the population is foreign — 180 nationalities (STATEC, 1 Jan 2026)
The trilingual reality, without romance
Luxembourg legislates in French, schools children in German and Luxembourgish, and does business in English. For a newcomer aged 50–70: French is the language you need — shops, doctors, communes, tradespeople. English gets you far in the capital, in finance, and among the 46.6% of residents who are themselves foreign; it thins out fast in village life and paperwork. Luxembourgish matters for one thing above all: citizenship — the Sproochentest requires A2 spoken / B1 listening. The state subsidises Luxembourgish courses heavily, including at the INLL. Start French now, add Luxembourgish when you're serious about the passport.
Your driving licence: a hard deadline
Non-EU licences — US and Canadian included — must be exchanged within one year of taking up residence. The transcription runs through the SNCA (national vehicle authority): application, your licence, a medical certificate less than 3 months old, a police record extract, and a €30 fee. Some licence categories can require an additional test. Miss the year and your licence is no longer valid in Luxembourg — you'd start from zero with the full theory and practical exams, in French or German. Do this in month one, not month eleven.
| Task | Deadline / cost |
| Declaration of arrival at your commune | Within 3 days of arrival |
| Licence exchange (SNCA) | Within 1 year · €30 + medical certificate |
| Pets (from US/CA) | ISO microchip → rabies shot ≥21 days before travel → EU health certificate endorsed by USDA-APHIS or CFIA |
| Getting around | All trains (2nd class), trams and buses free nationwide — the first country in the world to do it |
Utilities and admin: your commune is the front door for most local services — waste, parking permits, registrations. Electricity and gas are open markets; internet is fast and widely fibre. Everything official can be done in French, German or often English at the bigger communes — MyGuichet.lu handles a growing share online.